@Article{SilvaJrCeRoMoVaMaMa:2020:AmFoEd,
               author = "Silva Junior, Celso Henrique Leite and Celentano, Danielle and 
                         Rousseau, Guillaume X. and Moura, Emanoel Gomes de and Varga, 
                         Istv{\'a}n van Deursen and Martinez, Carlos and Martins, 
                         Marl{\'u}cia B.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual do Maranh{\~a}o (UEMA)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual do Maranh{\~a}o (UEMA)} and {Universidade Estadual do 
                         Maranh{\~a}o (UEMA)} and {Advisory Council of the Biological 
                         Reserve of Gurupi} and {Universidade Federal do Maranh{\~a}o 
                         (UFMA)} and {Museu Paraense Em{\'{\i}}lio Goeldi (MPEG)}",
                title = "Amazon forest on the edge of collapse in the Maranh{\~a}o State, 
                         Brazil",
              journal = "Land Use Policy",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "97",
                pages = "104806",
                 note = "{Pr{\^e}mio CAPES Elsevier 2023 - ODS 2: Fome zero e Agricultura 
                         sustent{\'a}vel} and {Pr{\^e}mio CAPES Elsevier 2023 - ODS 8: 
                         Trabalho decente e crescimento econ{\^o}mico} and {Pr{\^e}mio 
                         CAPES Elsevier 2023 - ODS 15: Vida terrestre}",
             keywords = "Zero-deforestation, Forest restoration, Forest fragmentation, 
                         Forest fires, Secondary forests, Violence, Climate change.",
             abstract = "The year 2019 in Brazil was marked by environmental setbacks, 
                         which catalyzed the increase of illegal deforestation and fire 
                         rates in the Brazilian Amazon. In the Amazon region of 
                         Maranh{\~a}o state, original forest cover diminished from 25 % 
                         (24,700 km2 ) in 2016 to 24 % (23,967 km2 ) in 2019, and 6,038 km2 
                         of remaining forests were degraded by fires and/or illegal logging 
                         processes related to high levels of violence against indigenous 
                         and rural communities. Almost half of all deforested areas in the 
                         region (36,060 km2 ) are considered a global restoration hotspot, 
                         however secondary vegetation remains unprotected and 8,294 km2 
                         were cleared between 2014 and 2018. Due to uncontrolled 
                         deforestation and fragmentation, Maranh{\~a}o has no more forest 
                         core areas (outside protected areas) with the minimum size to 
                         ensure sustainable forest management practices for timber 
                         production. New policies at the state level must promote 
                         old-growth and secondary forest conservation and restoration. 
                         However, the trends point to the opposite direction: the 
                         Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE) allows the reduction of forest 
                         protection and the State Forest Policy reinforces federal 
                         legislation setbacks. The Amazon region of Maranh{\~a}o state has 
                         forest aptitude, and forest and agroforestry product chains would 
                         bring social and environmental benefits, making them the best 
                         opportunity for sustainable economic development in the region. 
                         Therefore, the forest must be re-planted for the benefit of people 
                         and nature.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104806",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104806",
                 issn = "0264-8377 and 1873-5754",
                label = "lattes: 0506851271452550 1 SilvaJrCeRoMoVaMaMa:2020:AmFoEd",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "silva junior_amazon.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}